LINUX MAGAZINESLINUX MAGAZINES: Open Source News, Articles and Reviews

If you have an old machine that no longer has an operating system, you don’t have to throw that machine away. You can put it to good use with an operating system that doesn’t require a fast processor or big disk drive. Fortunately there are plenty of Linux distributions that will work on your old hardware and run at fairly moderate speeds even if your machine is really old. There are quite a few Linux distributions that don’t demand too much resources so that your computer will run relatively fast.

First of all, you need to stay away from distributions that use Gnome and KDE. These tend to use too many resources for old hardware and will cause the machine to lag way too much for basic applications. Look for these distributions that don’t use these graphical interfaces.

These low resource distributions are all based on Ubuntu meaning that you have access to all the debian packages that Canonical supports giving you access to tons of software.

Xubuntu is a quality distribution that doesn’t use too much power. It’s uses XFCE which will help with slower computers. This one does work well but might not be best for very, very old machines as XFCE is a bit more demanding than some other low power interfaces. This will be a bit easier because it’s basic interface works a lot like Windows which most people will be used to.

Linux Mint 6 Fluxbox Community Edition is a very high quality low resource distribution. This uses Fluxbox which will work better with computers that can’t run Xubuntu too well. This distribution has all your basic essentials. It’s layout will take a little while to get used to. Instead of a start button, you have to right click on the desktop to open your applications.

MoonOS LXDE is another good one to try. This uses LXDE which hardly uses any ram to actively run. Typically you can download LXDE but MoonOS has it all set up for you already after installing so that nothing has to be set up.

By following these tips you may be able to put an old machine to good use.

Herb likes to get the most possible use out of the technology he has on hand. Please check out his website with information on kids toy storage and details on childrens toy boxes.

Author: Herb Leibacher
Article Source: EzineArticles.com
Pressure cooker

Many times when people decide to use Linux as their main system, they think about buying a new computer with Linux installed on it versus having Windows on it. While this might seem like a good idea since that’s the operating system you want to use, there are actually a number of disadvantages to doing this that you need to be aware of.

Many times Linux only systems are more expensive. The reason is that these computers are not ordered in bulk meaning the costs can’t be as low as the more mass produced computers. Sometimes even the same hardware costs more with Linux than with Windows on it.

Another disadvantage is a limited selection. While you can buy more than a dozen Windows computers and install Linux yourself, you might only get one hardware set up that comes with Linux. Doing it on your own on a Windows system, gives you more choice.

If you get a Linux only system, you don’t have the option of dual booting. This is a problem at times because you just lose out on the option if you every want to boot up in Windows to use certain software.

At times, you can get a refund on the cost that you paid to get Windows put on your system. This means you can’t use the Windows side, but you will be able to save even more money on your computer.

This is not to say to use Windows over Linux. It’s just that you can get a better deal if you install Linux yourself on the hardware. The one thing you need to make sure of is that you buy a computer that has hardware that is going to work with Linux. One tip is to use Wubi to help you install a Ubuntu to your system making dual booting very easy without all the technical hassles that you can face.

Sid enjoys writing about health and nutrition, and has a specific interest in cooking healthily. His interests include kitchen appliances like commercial toaster ovens.

Author: Sid Dowser
Article Source: EzineArticles.com
How Electric Pressure Cookers Work

The Ext2 (second extended) file system is an advanced file system for Linux kernel. It is possible to resize the Ext2, while it is mounted. This is possible using the ext2 online utility. However, you should always have a complete and valid backup of your mission critical data before mounting an online or mounted file system. In case anything goes wrong, you may come encounter serious data loss situations, which requires Linux recovery software to be fixed.

You can resize only the mounted Ext2. In order to use the ext2online utility, you must have Online ext2 resize support (CONFIG_EXT2_RESIZE) option enabled in your Linux Kernel. You can enable this feature after applying appropriate patch for 2.x kernel series.

The files system, which is specified by the device, or the mountpoint must be mounted currently. By default, the mounted files system is enlarged to fill up the device. If you have specified an optional size parameter, then it uses the specified size instead. If optional modifier is not available, it is taken from Ext2 blocks.

The ext2 online utility doesn’t modify size of actual storage device. When you want to enlarge it, you should expand underlying storage device first. You can do it online for the logical volumes, using the lvextend tool that combines files system resizing and LV extensions.

The original architecture or design of Ext2 doesn’t provide online resizing option. There are some limitations to the amount of resizing, that you can do while your file is mounted. Without any preparation, you can resize Ext2 to next 256 MB range for 1 KB, 2 GB for 2 KB, and 16 GB for 4 KB.

You should always keep in mind that resizing the mounted file system is integrally risky and causes corruption. At this point, Linux data recovery becomes essential.

Linux recovery is best possible using advanced and powerful third-party applications, known as Ext2 Recovery software. With interactive graphical user interface and read-only conduct, they are totally safe and easy to use in all data loss situations.

Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery software ensures absolute recovery of lost Linux data using high-end scanning techniques. The software recovers data from Ext4, Ext3, Ext2, FAT32, FAT16, and FAT12 volumes. It works well with all major distributions of Linux operating system, including Red Hat, SUSE, Mandriva, Fedora, and Ubuntu.

Kuldeep a techno geek is a technical writer doing research on different file system in linux like Ext2, Ext3. And Ext4. He is also interested in linux data recovery, Ext2 Recovery And Ext3 recovery. He is currently working with http://www.data-recovery-linux.com/

Author: Kuldeep Kulmii
Article Source: EzineArticles.com
PCB stencil online quote

If you are thinking of switching to Linux or trying it out, there are some things that you need to know about as a newbie to Linux. It’s not quite as simple as downloading Linux and installing it to your machine. There are many different projects and things that you should know about to make your Linux experience better.

Different Distributions:

A distribution is a version of Linux. There are thousands of applications. Some groups of people take certain ones and package them together with certain settings. They do this so that everything is confirmed to work together in a logical format.

There are hundreds of distributions, but be sure to check out Ubuntu, openSUSE, Fedora, Arch, and Slackware. Each of these is a little different with different interfaces and applications.

Different Graphical User Interfaces – GUIs:

There are different interfaces that you will see in different distributions. The most popular are KDE and Gnome. There are also ones for slower, older computers like XFCE and Fluxbox. Try out each one of these until you find what you really want and enjoy using.

To a new user each one will look like a different operating system. In reality it is just a difference in the way you interact with programs and applications.

Different Settings:

You are going to be used to doing things a certain way if you have used a Mac or Windows. At first it’s going to be frustrating when you know how to do something on your old system but have not been able to figure it out with Linux yet. Take your time.

Be prepared to learn.

Linux is different than other operating systems. Be prepared to learn. If you approach Linux with the idea that you are exploring and learning new things, it can be fun. If you expect it to be perfect the first time you use it, be prepared for frustration.

I have many interests that span a wide area, but include technology and home issues. Some of my latest musing can be found at Clear Plastic Boxes and also Small Plastic Containers.

Author: Harold Baldwin
Article Source: EzineArticles.com
Electric Pressure Cooker

There are a bunch of really great browsers out there. Although I personally use Google Chrome as my default browser, I think that Opera 10 is one of the browsers worth trying out ultimately. You might find yourself making it your default browser. As a chrome user myself I don’t feel all that alien to Opera 10 because some of its features are pretty similar. Chrome users might find the transition between browsers easy. The first similarity that you’ll find is the speed dial page. It should look like Chrome’s thumbnail page except that it doesn’t show the recently and frequently visited web pages.

Speed dial is actually a more appropriate term for it because it works like a phone’s speed dial. There are nine boxes that you can set to link directly to your favorite site. All you have to do is click on a box that isn’t assigned to link to a website yet and then type in the site that you want to set it to. If you’ve already been visiting sites on the browser, it will automatically sites that you’ve been frequenting and then you can click on the one you want to assign the link to. One of my favorite features on Opera’s speed dial is that you can set it up just like you desktop.

You have a choice in how you want to arrange the dial pad. It might be limited, but at least you have the freedom to move it around. If you’re a minimalist freak like me, you might throw a fit because the boxes can’t be moved from the center of the screen to make the background of the page visible. This leads me to my other favorite fact about it, the speed dial page can be set to have a background, which may not exactly be great for some, but it’s one of the things that attract me to it.

Pretty soon, background images will be drawn up just to make that page look likable. It kinda works like Stylish works for the Mozzila Firefox. Speaking of Firefox, this reminds me of how much lighter Opera 10 is compared to Firefox. While Firefox eats up memory at 180mb, Opera follows with a measly 100mb of memory usage. However, both of them are trumped by Google Chrome, which leads by eating up just 15mb of your computer’s memory. So whether you’re editing photos, playing a game or running some other application that needs a lot of memory, it’s better if you leave your Opera browser running in the background rather than Firefox.

I like the tab features on Opera 10 because hovering your cursor over the tab will show you a thumbnail of the image of the page. This makes it easier since you don’t need to move from your current tab and try to look at the page that you can’t remember. Despite that little convenience, I just don’t see how useful that is. It looks pretty, but that’s all there is to it. Turbo mode is also one of the better features on the new Opera browser, but I just can’t seem to see the big difference in loading speed.

The average user might not see the difference between micro seconds, but users with a slow internet connection might.

The author of this article Jego Goldstein is a Computer Analyst who has been testing and developing software for several years. He advocates the need for computer literacy in society and strives to make technology more user friendly. One of his latest projects is My PC Tweaks, a comprehensive and easy to follow guide to understanding your computer.

Author: Jego Goldstein
Article Source: EzineArticles.com
Make PCB Assembly

The owners of personal computers have marveled at all of the things these machines, these ‘little boxes with monitor and mouse attached’ can do. A computer can only do the amazing things that it does because of the software stored on its hard drive. The software or programs contain hundreds, even thousands of lines of code, which tells the computer what to do. Typically, if you purchase a computer at a retail location, it comes with certain software pre-installed. Often this includes the operating system, some games and word processing software. Manufacturers have license agreements with certain software manufactures and this often dictates what kinds of software you find on a newly purchased machine.

However, software publishers, especially commercial or enterprise publishers, have a keen interest in protecting their software property rights. This falls under an area of copyright law known as “Intellectual Property”, and while a full discussion of intellectual property law is beyond the scope of this article, a few points are relevant here. Intellectual property law protects the property rights in creative and inventive endeavors and gives creators and inventors certain exclusive economic rights, generally for a limited time, to deal with their creative works or inventions. This provision is right and fair. However, commercial software owners have typically sought to extend their rights beyond what many consider reasonable.

The result is that many smart computer users have sought alternatives to the commercial software publisher and they have found it with software publishers who embrace the GNU or General Public License (GPL). Under a GPL the end-user is given significant permission, such as permission to redistribute, reverse engineer, or otherwise modify the software. The GPL is a form of open source license. Open source programs are programs that make the source code is available to the general public for use and/or modification from its original design free of charge.

Open source programs with a GPL license provide exciting new opportunities for you and I because it means the computer user is no longer forced to buy commercial or enterprise software, otherwise known as retail or “off the shelf” software in order for their computer to do those amazing things they have come to expect. Many people have taken their computers; machines bought from major retail outlets, and completely erased the hard drive. Why? They see the collective cooperation and efforts to maintain and modify computer program code collectively as not only freeing, but as more responsive to the users of these programs.

Making the underlying source code freely available means that when problems in a program are discovered, the users can modify it, fix it and potentially make it better in some respects than the original program. While the copyright with open source software still remains with the original publisher, the fact that any user can use and modify the original program provides significant advantages over proprietary retail software. One of the most significant advantages has already been mentioned.

Software licenses can generally be fit into one of two distinct categories: proprietary licenses and open source licenses. The main distinction of proprietary software licenses is that the software publisher grants a license to use one or more copies of software, but that ownership of those copies remains with the software publisher. One example of such a proprietary software license is the license for Microsoft Windows. As is usually the case with proprietary software licenses, this license contains an extensive list of activities that are restricted, such as: reverse engineering, simultaneous use of the software by multiple users, and publication of benchmarks or performance tests. However with an open source license ownership of a particular copy of the software does not remain with the software publisher. Instead, ownership of the copy is transferred to the end-user. As a result, the end-user is, by default, afforded all rights granted by copyright law to the copy. In addition to all the additional rights granted open source software users, this software is available free of charge for anyone to download, if you know where to look.

People have taken their computers, erased them and instead installed an entire collection of open source alternatives beginning with the operating system. An excellent open source operating system available free for anyone to download from the Internet is Linux. There are different variations of Linux available, but one of the most popular is Ubuntu because it is user friendly, easy to install and looks surprisingly similar in its graphical user interface to what they are already familiar with.

However, if you want to leave your computer’s operating system alone and install open source software for free, that is a hassle free and fiscally responsible way to go. Many people don’t realize that for every commercially available retail piece of software available, there is a free, open source program that you can download for free that performs as well or better than its retail competitor. Often, these programs outperform the retail competition

Companies like Source Forge provide wonderful programs freely available for anyone to download. Here are some examples of programs that you can find online. Want a free anti-virus; try Win Clam or AVG Free. Maybe you want a free Office Suite comparable and compatible with Microsoft Office. It is available in Open Office from Sun Microsystems. Perhaps you are a photographer and you want an alternative to Photoshop. Do a Google search for “Gimpshop” if that is the case. These are just a few examples of the hundreds of free high quality programs available for immediate download and use on the Internet.

It is important to know where to look for these programs. At the end of this article there are links to valuable resources in this respect. One simple trick you can use is to put the words “open source” plus the resource type you are looking for in a Google search. For example, the search term “open Source antivirus” will bring list free antivirus programs. It is true that you need to know how to properly search to separate the good from the not so good, but with a little knowledge and patience, you will uncover some gems. Soon you will wonder why you ever paid retail for proprietarily licensed programs. There is nothing wrong with the commercial software available at your local “big box” store or neighbourhood computer retailer, but with so many advantages, variety, and quality found in so many free general public licensed programs, why not give them a try?

For more information, please visit the “Save Hundreds on Software” tab at the top navigation bar of [http://www.learnherenow.com] You will find additional articles on this website. Please check out our sister site at [http://www.stevenmilbrandt.com] Thank you. It is hoped you find this article both helpful and informative.

Author: Steven Milbrandt
Article Source: EzineArticles.com
PCB Prototype & Manufacturing

First, syslog-ng
I use Ubuntu, so I can also use their practical package manager and run

apt-get install syslog-ng

Then whip up /etc/syslog-ng/syslog-ng.conf in your favourite editor and add this to the configuration.

source s_net {

udp(ip(10.0.0.58) port(514));

tcp(ip(10.0.0.58) port(51400));
};

The 10.0.0.58 should be the IP address that you want syslog-ng to listen on, it has to be bound up to the server that runs syslog-ng.

Also add this to make syslog-ng write to a special pipe:

destination d_mysql {
pipe(“/tmp/mysql.pipe”
template(“INSERT INTO logs (host, facility, priority, level, tag, date,
time, program, msg) VALUES ( ‘$HOST’, ‘$FACILITY’, ‘$PRIORITY’, ‘$LEVEL’,'$TAG’,
‘$YEAR-$MONTH-$DAY’, ‘$HOUR:$MIN:$SEC’, ‘$PROGRAM’, ‘$MSG’ );n”) template-escape(yes));
};

And to make things that comes from s_net go to d_mysql:

log {

source(s_net);

destination(d_mysql);
};

Make a pipe that syslog-ng can write to with this command:

mkfifo /tmp/mysql.pipe

MySQL
Setup the MySQL database like this:

CREATE DATABASE syslog
USE syslog

CREATE TABLE logs (
host varchar(32) default NULL,
facility varchar(10) default NULL,
priority varchar(10) default NULL,
level varchar(10) default NULL,
tag varchar(10) default NULL,
date date default NULL,
time time default NULL,
program varchar(15) default NULL,
msg text,
seq int(10) unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment,
PRIMARY KEY (seq),
KEY host (host),
KEY seq (seq),
KEY program (program),
KEY time (time),
KEY date (date),
KEY priority (priority),
KEY facility (facility)
) TYPE=MyISAM;

# Also create the user, replace username and password
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON syslog.* TO syslogng@localhost IDENTIFIED BY ‘mypassword’;

Run this command to pipe the queries to MySQL, preferably in a screen or make a script that can run it in the background.

mysql -u syslogng –password=mypassword syslog Cisco Syslog Configuration
Now all you have to do on the cisco router is one simple command to make it log to the syslog database.

Router(config)# logging 10.0.0.58

This will make the Cisco Router send all logging output to the syslog-ng process on 10.0.0.58

I have made a simple PHP page that makes the syslog output more viewable, it is something one can do with ease.

Look for more cisco related tips and tricks on my website!

Espen Holm Nilsen is a network technician for a Norwegian ISP, you can find his Cisco Network blog at http://www.gho.no/

Author: Espen Holm Nilsen
Article Source: EzineArticles.com
Low-volume PCB Assembly

In my youth I used to copy programs from friends to use on my computer. When I found out that this was called piracy, I tried for awhile to ignore my conscience, but eventually decided I needed to ‘Go Legal.’ Problem was, I didn’t have the cash to buy all the software I needed. To my surprise, I found out that most of what I needed was free!

So, if you are in a similar situation, here are some leads to free software. If the phrase is in capitals, put that into Google as your search term to find the correct page.

If you need an Office suite of programs, ie. Word processor, Excel type spreadsheet program, Presentations program and Database program, it’s all for free and is Microsoft office comaptible from Sun Microsystems. It’s called OPENOFFICE, and version 2.4 is about the latest. It’s about 130MB, so it might take awhile to download. You can download an earlier version, which is smaller, if you want to save money on your downloading costs.

If you need to view and print one of the new Microsoft Word documents, like a .docx type, Microsoft offer a free download of the WORD VIEWER program. If you already have an old version of Word and you want to open the newer type of document, there is another free program called the FILEFORMAT CONVERTER, which will enable you to view these new fangled doc files.

If you want a nice audio program, that can load and play a whole bunch of stuff, and also converts from one format to another, and allows you to edit and record, try AUDACITY. It’s an open source program and works very nicely. Also remember that Microsofts Media Player is also free, if you are running Windows operating system on your PC. You might just have to authenticate your version of Windows with them.

If you want an operating system, and can’t afford Windows XP or Vista, there are quite a lot of Linux versions out there which are free. Try looking for UBUNTU LINUX which is a free version from Mark Shuttleworth (Remember the Russian Space Tourist…) You can also email him, and he will send you a totally free double CD (or 10!) so that you can get it even if you haven’t got a computer yet!

To easily set up all the funny settings in your computer, download the little utility TWEAKUI and just run it by double clicking it. There’s a whole pile of things that you can do with it. And it’s made by the Microsoft guys. It’s not very big, so it will download quickly.

If you need photediting software, there is a program called IRFANVIEW for image manipulation that’s free. Also GIMP which is free, but it would be my second choice.

If you need an Anti Virus program, a very good one, that I use myself, is AVG FREE edition. The latest version is 8.0 or above. It’s about 47MB to download, and it will want to update itself everyday, so just make sure you go through all the settings before you forget. You can turn the update feature to manual if you don’t want to be downloading things every day.

If you want Bible software, like free Bible versions, Free commentries, all downloadable and able to be installed on your computer, try looking for E–SWORD. It’s amazing how this stuff can be free.

If you need to read a PDF file, you can download the ADOBE ACROBAT READER for free.

There are many many other free things available. The list above is just a drop in the ocean of what’s available. But at least this will get most of the average guys immediate needs sorted out, and you don’t have to be a pirate any longer !

Duncan Kelly

To get CLICKABLE LINKS to all the above mentioned downloads, plus others not mentioned, please visit the WrinklyO Web Node at http://wrinklyo.googlepages.com

Click on the Free Software Links title to go to the correct page.

A lot of other items are there that you may just be interested in.
Check out the Promotions and Special Offers Page!

May you have a successful and low cost day!

Duncan Kelly

Author: Duncan Kelly
Article Source: EzineArticles.com
Provided by: WordPress plugin Guest Blogger

Assemblies are the fundamental building blocks of a .NET Framework application. They contain the types and resources that make up an application and describe those contained types to the common language runtime. Assemblies enable code reuse, version control, security, and deployment.

Put simply, an assembly is a project that compiles to an EXE or a DLL file. Although .NET EXE and DLL files resemble their predecessors externally, the internal structure of an assembly is quite different from that of an EXE or DLL created with earlier development tools. An assembly consists of four internal parts:

The assembly manifest, or metadata. This contains information about the assembly that the common language runtime uses to obtain information about the assembly. The type metadata, which exposes information about the types contained within the assembly.

The intermediate language code for your assembly.

Resource files, which are non-executable bits of data, such as strings or images for a specific culture. The assembly manifest contains the metadata that describes the assembly to the common language runtime. The common language runtime then uses the information in the assembly manifest to make decisions about the assembly’s execution. An assembly manifest contains the following information: Identity.

It contains the name and version number of the assembly, and can contain optional information such as locale and signature information. Types and resources. It contains a list of all the types that will be exposed to the common language runtime as well as information about how those types can be accessed. Files: It contains a list of all files in the assembly as well as dependency information for those files. Security permissions

The manifest describes the security permissions required by the assembly. If the permissions required conflict with the local security policy, the assembly will fail to execute. For the most part, the developer does not have to be concerned with the contents of the assembly manifest. It is compiled and presented to the common language runtime automatically. The developer does, however, need to explicitly set the metadata that describes the identity of the assembly. The identity of the assembly is contained in the AssemblyInfo.vb or .cs file for your project. You can set identity information for your assembly by right-clicking the AssemblyInfo icon and choosing View Code from the drop-down menu. The code window will open to the AssemblyInfo code page, which contains default null values for several assembly identity attributes. The following code example shows an excerpt from the AssemblyInfo file.

Creating Class Library Assemblies

You will frequently want to create class library assemblies. These represent sets of types that can be referenced and used in other assemblies. For example, you might have a custom control that you want to use in several applications or a component that exposes higher math functions. Such an assembly is not executable itself, but rather must be referenced by an executable application to be used. You can create class library assemblies and control library assemblies by using the templates provided by Microsoft Visual Studio .NET.

The class library template is designed to help you create an assembly of types that can be exposed to other applications, and the Microsoft Windows control library template is provided to assist you in building assemblies of custom controls.

Creating Resource Files

The .NET Framework includes a sample application called ResEditor that can be used for creating text and image resource files. The ResEditor application is not integrated with Visual Studio .NET-it must be run separately. In fact, it is supplied as source code files and must be compiled before it can be used.

The ResEditor source files are located in the FrameworkSDKSamplesTutorialsresourcesandlocalizationreseditor folder, which is in the folder that Visual Studio .NET is installed in. You can build the application using either the batch file supplied in that folder or by adding the source files to an empty Visual Studio project, configuring, and then building them.

Embedding Resources

Once you have created resource files, you can embed them in your assembly. This allows you to package resources into the same assembly as the code files, thus increasing the portability of your code and reducing its dependence on additional files. To embed an externally created resource into your assembly, all you have to do is add the file to your project. When the project is built, the resource file will be compiled into the assembly.

Creating Resource Assemblies

You can create assemblies that only contain resources. You might find this useful in situations where you expect to have to update the data contained in resource files, but do not want to have to recompile your application to update it.

Creating Satellite Assemblies

When creating international applications, you might want to provide different sets of resources for different cultures. Satellite assemblies allow different sets of resources to automatically be loaded based on the CurrentUICulture setting of the thread. You learned how to automatically generate applications for localization in Chapter 8. In this section, you will learn how to create additional satellite assemblies and incorporate them into your application.

Visual Studio .NET allows you to effortlessly create satellite assemblies. All you need to do to create a satellite assembly is to incorporate alternate sets of resource files that are appropriately named into your application. Visual Studio .NET does the rest upon compilation.

To be incorporated into a satellite assembly, your resource file must follow a specific naming scheme based on the culture it is designed for. The name of a resource file for a specific culture is the same as the name of the resource file for the invariant culture, and the culture code is inserted between the base name and the extension. Thus, if we had a resource file named MyResources.resx, a resource file containing alternate resources for neutral German UIs would be named MyResources.de.resx. And a version of the file containing German resources specific for Luxembourg would be named MyResources.de-LU.resx.

Once these alternate versions of the file are added to your solution, they will automatically be compiled by Visual Studio .NET into satellite assemblies, and a directory structure for them will be created. At run time, the culture-specific resources contained in these files will automatically be located by the common language runtime.

Retrieving Resources at Run Time

At run time, you can use the ResourceManager class to retrieve embedded resources. A ResourceManager, as the name implies, manages access and retrieval of resources embedded in assemblies. Each instance of a ResourceManager is associated with an assembly that contains resources.

You can create a ResourceManager by specifying two parameters: the base name of the embedded resource file and the assembly in which that file is found. The new ResourceManager will be dedicated to the embedded resource file that you specify. The base name of the file is the name of the namespace that contains the file and the file without any extensions.

The assembly parameter refers to the assembly that the resource file is located in. If the assembly that contains the resources is the same assembly that contains the object that is creating the ResourceManager, you can get a reference to the assembly from the type object of your object.

Understanding Private and Shared Assemblies

Most of the assemblies you create will be private assemblies. Private assemblies are the most trouble free for developers and are the kind of assembly created by default. A private assembly is an assembly that can be used by only one application. It is an integral part of the application, is packaged with the application, and is only available to that application. Because private assemblies are used by one application only, they do not have versioning or identity issues. Up to this point, you have only created private assemblies.

When you add a reference to a private assembly to your project, Visual Studio .NET creates a copy of the DLL containing that assembly and writes it to your project folder. Thus, multiple projects can reference the same DLL and use the types it contains, but each project has its own copy of the DLL and therefore has its own private assembly.

Only one copy of shared assemblies, on the other hand, is present per machine. Multiple applications can reference and use a shared assembly. You can share an assembly by installing it to the Global Assembly Cache. There are several reasons why you might want to install your assembly to the Global Assembly Cache. For example:

Shared location. If multiple applications need to access the same copy of an assembly, it should be shared.

Security. The Global Assembly Cache is located in the C:WINNT (Microsoft Windows 2000) or WINDOWS (Microsoft Windows XP) folder, which is given the highest level of security by default.

Side-by-side versioning. You can install multiple versions of the same assembly to the Global Assembly Cache, and applications can locate and use the appropriate version.

For the most part, however, assemblies that you create should be private. You should only share an assembly when there is a valid reason to do so. Sharing an assembly and installing it to the Global Assembly Cache requires that your assembly be signed with a strong name.

http://www.testingcorner.net

http://www.dotnetpoint.net

Author: D V Suresh
Article Source: EzineArticles.com
car rear view camera, back up camera

Using a dedicated server for web hosting is considered better than shared particularly when it comes to flexibility, reliability and control. However this option can be more expensive than any other type. The low cost of shared hosting has many advantages, but if you are running more than a couple of websites and need additional bandwidth, then it may be time to step up to a dedicated host for your web presence.

Dedicated or Collocation

Many host providers with their own data centers offer a number of options for every type of use. For example a new Landscape dedicated server available by Canonical includes all the major features such as: auditing, management and monitoring. It can be installed locally so the user can gain full control over their Linux operating system. But it must be purchased.

In collocation (or colo) you actually lease a space at the data center of the hosting company. This is usually a more expensive option for obvious reasons, but useful for mission-critical online applications and data-serving rather than just offering web pages. The important aspect of this type of dedicated hosting is that you must have 24 hour access to the facility in case something happens that requires your immediate attention – like the site going down for an unexpected reason.

The biggest advantage of course is that with collocation you don’t have to develop your own data center or be concerned about expensive bandwidth. You also have access to some of the same tech specialists that operate the other servers at the facility.

Dedicated hosting can be managed or left alone for your tech staff to work out the problems should they arise. The managed hosting is more costly for the server use but may well be worth the extra money when compared to adding on your own tech support. Either way you have flexibility, control and the ability to add your own software.

The major drawback to using a dedicated server is the cost. In order of the most expensive to the least expensive, hosting ranges from the most expensive with colocation, managed dedicated servers, self-serviced, and shared hosting as the least expensive. But in addition to the cost, consider also the future needs of your presence on the Internet, not just what is needed today. If you already determined that dedicated server hosting is necessary then you will only need to find the best choice when it comes to the host provider.

You can find all you need to know about dedicated hosting, VPS, managed hosting and email at the unbiased ratings and review site created for easy use by visiting the site: http://www.cheapdedicatedhosting.ratingsbyusers.com

Author: Erik Lenisen
Article Source: EzineArticles.com
Gadget reviews

To create a website of your own, you will need a place where you can store all you web pages that contains information that you want people to see. To do that, you will need a web hosting service to publish your web pages online so that people who have internet can have a look at it. In the market today, there are 2 types of hosting which is much sought after, the dedicated hosting and shared hosting. Here is a simple comparison on both of them.

Shared hosting is a service where the server where you have your website hosted I shared among with other website owners as well. This type of service is widely popular because of its affordable price. Most newcomers consider this as their first option and it is also very suitable for small businesses. One shared server would be able to host thousands of websites. This limits the resource of the server but most customers are willing to accept that defect.

Everything in a shared hosting condition is shared. For instance the software, security but the server is managed by the provider. For the users, they are provided only with the fundamental controls like the control panel for their hosting accounts. As for the server, it is controlled by control panels like Helm or DirectAdmin which is considered more complex. Most of the shared hosting today uses Windows or FreeBSD. In order to more competitive in the market, they will use Linux operating system into their control panel.

The biggest benefit of shared hosting is the affordable price. With even the low price, users can get access to multiple databases, excellent tools for management, programming script and free software. The bad side of it is its lack of security and stability due to the huge amount of users in one server.

On the other hand, a dedicated hosting is a kind of hosting where the owner has the whole server for himself. Users of this server do not have to share space, bandwidth or resources with anyone else. This type of hosting is suitable for users who will have a huge amount of traffic. It also provides you the freedom to choose what software you want to use. Furthermore, you can host multiple domains if you want to.

With a dedicated server, you will get much better security because there is no other websites in your server. However, you will have to put more effort in the operations of you server so that it remains stable and secure. This is nothing to worry if you do not have the technical skills because hosting providers do provide technical support to aid you.

Ever heard of Fat Cow Hosting? For those who are starting off in the web hosting, I would recommend you to check out on their hosting plan as I believe they are one of the best. For detail Fatcow reviews, visit WebHostingSecretRevealed.com.

Article by Justin Knights, freelance writer.

Author: Justin Knights
Article Source: EzineArticles.com
Cool mobile gadgets

One of the most attractive options for a website owner is using cheap dedicated server hosting as a support platform for the website. As time goes and as traffic into your website becomes more, the need for a more expensive server becomes a priority. This involves an upgrading process which ought to go hand in hand with the success of your website.

A cheap dedicated web hosting enables you to utilize the server while other people are using the same computer. If there is excessive sharing of the utilities of our computer, then there is going to be an interference with the level of efficiency of your computer. A cheap dedicated linux server hosting service may go for as little as $3 or as much as $10. This is the monthly range in which case proxy sites might result in slow reaction to all your sites. The extremity of the situation is where your websites become unavailable or inaccessible.

One of the main advantages of cheap dedicated server hosting is hinged on the cheap costs that you need to pay and not the efficiency of the network. The reason why you might not be yet bothered with quality is because you are yet to see the viability of this web hosting option. The costs charged differ from one company to another according to the quality offered and the level of competition in the market at a given time.

Essentially, there are two types of cheap dedicated server hosting utilities. One of them is the Virtual Private Server. This is the type of dedicated web hosting that allows you to share the hosting rights of other websites which are pushing for the products and services on offer. This is the cheapest option compared to other servers of the same category. This type allows you to use a certain number of resources which have been agreed upon. There is fewer sharing, leading to higher efficiency.

The second type of cheap dedicated server hosting option is one in which a dedicated server is used. These servers are small and have an equally small value and are to be found in data centers or even server farms and can therefore be handled by a single user. In this case, there are no restrictions that come with sharing the utilities of hosting a website. This is where the hosting provider provides you with a tangible server in the form of an OS installation disk.

There comes a time when you realize that the traffic that is being handled by hosting providers has increased to the extent that sharing a host is no longer a viable option. This is because it affects the load as well as the charges you have to bear along the process. This is the time when the dedicated server becomes the only alternative. This is the ultimate tool for someone who is learning about the basics of managing websites, driving more traffic into the websites, as well as upgrading all hosting systems.

If you’re still having any problem choosing the cheapest dedicated server hosting to use with the best features, Then, as an experienced webmaster I can recommend to stick with ServerPronto hosting cheap dedicated server which I am sure it’ll work for you and fulfill all your needs, they have some very attractive pricing with 30 days money back guarantee too.

Click Here to read customers Serverpronto reviews, details and features of this dedicated hosting company.
For more web hosting reviews, tips visit web hosting ratings website.

Author: Alex V
Article Source: EzineArticles.com
eCommerce solution, service provider

First of all you need to know what a dedicated server is and how it will benefit your business. A dedicated server basically means that you are leasing a whole server for your needs. You do not share this server with anyone.
Once you hire this server, you can pretty much do anything with it. This is a huge advantage since it offers you exclusivity; you can make your own administration decisions, change and tailor software to suit your needs. The best thing about it is the complete freedom you have, plus you don’t need to worry about downtime or its security. The speed of the dedicated server will be fast and the service prompt.

Are there any disadvantages of a dedicated web server? First of all, these services are not cheap as compared to the other web hosting solutions. The reason for this is that dedicated servers are offered by data centers, they have 24 hours power back up, HVAC systems so that you get that wonderful up-time and you have to pay for that. Of course the decision is ultimately yours if you need that server and if the extra expense is worth it.

ServerPronto offers the cheapest deal at $29.95 a month, Lunarpages and Singlehop at $99 a month. I have opted for Serverpronto because of their excellent service.

ServerPronto offers great solutions for you if you would like to go for a cheap dedicated server web hosting. They have both Linux and Window servers. They offer complete transfer, set up and also include a cPanel with every dedicated server. They have many packages that you can choose from.

Setting up a server takes place within 24 hours of purchase. Your sites will enjoy the exclusivity and security that comes with 99.9% uptime. If you feel that your business is ready to leap to a new level, you will need a dedicated server.

Of course you could take it slow and expand gradually. You can start with a shared service and then slowly convert to a dedicated server as your business grows. However, if you foresee lots of traffic or perhaps you are launching a huge business which will generate loads of traffic and e-commerce, then you will have to opt for a cheap dedicated server web hosting. This will reduce downtime and your website will not crash.

Most dedicated server web hosts have packages that can meet your needs without being extremely expensive. Research your options and then commit to a service. You actually do not need to worry about the expense. It can come out of your advertising revenue once your website is up and running. Therefore, as with any other e-commerce service that you are considering you need to research the packages, read consumer reviews and then make your decision. It is easy since all the information you need is online. I wish you all the best for your business.

Visit ServerPronto Review Page for more details and customers reviews. For other web hosting companies reviews, coupons and exclusive promotions visit web hosting ratings website.

Author: Sam Brad
Article Source: EzineArticles.com
portmeirion porcelain dinnerware, bakeware & accessories

One of the more common things about the whole web hosting is that there is a lot of technology that is behind it and this is one of the things that you need to be looking at when you are trying to choose a web hosting company. This is the most important thing that you need to look at, what kind of horsepower is going to be placed under the whole bonnet of your online experience?

Whether or not you need something that is small or something that is really large, all you need to look at is not only how much power is going to be placed there, but also the kind of quality that you need to be looking at as well. Technology and web hosting is actually something of a good partnership – something that is unavoidable in this industry, and the thing you need to be looking at is the server.

The server is really in all, a networked machine that is a lot like a desktop PC, only more powerful. In fact, the server would need to be plenty more powerful and this is because of the fact that sometimes, a single server has to power a few websites and this can run up to the scale of a hundred or even a few hundred websites – if this is a shared server hosting service that you have signed up on. One thing that you need to know is that there are plenty of servers out there, and how they are set up would determine the price you are paying for.

For one thing, a server would normally have a multi chip layout, which would mean that it has several chips daisy chained within the motherboard to make the server fast. RAM and virtual memory are also very important factors in the whole game, because of the massive amount of data that would be coming in and out of the server. There is also the whole concept of the network server, which is the core of the machine, and the machine would need to have a speedy networked that can far exceed the normal 1000MBPS Ethernet cards that you get on normal desktops.

It would also need to have an internal switch board with plenty of network interfaces, supporting a variety of OS’s. Normally, a server is usually WINDOWS or LINUX based, and this is because of their reliability and their efficiency. These are some of the aspects of the kind of technology and software that you might come to expect when it comes to the whole game of servers and web hosting. This is also the checklist you need to know – having some sort of industry knowledge will really help you to choose and make a correct choice of the companies as well as the sort of hardware you might want to need for the kind of services that you are going to be using online. With this information on hand, your web hosting experience would go by just that little bit smoother.

Vodien Internet Solutions provides all-in-one web hosting packages. Find out more details about their Singapore web hosting packages at their website.

Author: James Koh
Article Source: EzineArticles.com
Get my ex back

This question has been asked over and over again since web hosting has become so popular. There are a lot of different answers on the Web, but we will try to e objective and, hopefully, you will be more educated in this matter after finishing this article. First, let’s be clear on some things. Web hosting is not an easy business and nor will it make you rich overnight. Although popular Content Management Systems (CMS) and Control Panels (CP) make a lot of people think that managing a server is an easy task, know that these systems have their limitations. Unfortunately, there are things that no system can do for you. So, let’s get started!

Time involved and financials

Think of it this way; your customers will need technical and sales support 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. So before you start your web hosting company, think about how much time you can invest in it. And let’s face it, you will be unable to provide support 24/7! The best thing to do is hire a few other people to manage it. Not many, just two or three. You should have all these things sorted out before you start the company because if your clients don’t get the support they need, you will start seeing negative reviews all over the Internet. You will also need to invest money in the infrastructure (servers, routers, hubs, bandwidth, etc). Aside infrastructure, you will need to buy licenses to dozens of software products.

Software and knowledge

You will need to know what are the latest software, their price, and how they work. Software is not cheap and you will need a lot of it if you want to satisfy all your clients. You must also know how it works. For example, if you are running Windows Server, you will need to have extensive knowledge of IIS. You can find all about it in Microsoft’s Knowledge base, but it will take a lot of time to learn it all. You must definitely know everything about the options available, security issues, and should be always on the lookout for any new patches. If you plan to use Linux, a good knowledge of Secure Shell Security (SSH) is a must. You can use a control panel, Cpanel, and its Web Host Manager, but without extensive knowledge of Telnet Commands, you will be unable to control it.

Actually starting the company

There are a few easy steps. First, you must register a company name (DBA name). Second, you must purchase or lease the servers. You need to make room for the servers and their afferent cables, switches, hubs, and so on. Next, you will have to find bandwidth provider(s). The final step is to start marketing your services and hope clients will be attracted by your offer.

Lisa served as product manager on one of the leading ASP web hosting company, specializing in offering ASP.NET Reseller Hosting support and services.

Author: Lisa S Foster
Article Source: EzineArticles.com
Unix inter-process communication (IPC)